Array in C

 An array is collection of homogenous element ( of same types ) consist a common property and share  a common name . An array is also known as collection of homogenous element from ( 0 to n-1 ) where n represent the maximum number of element of array .    

An ordinary variable can contain only one value of one types it is not possible to assign more than one value at a single variables.

EXAMPLE :

                     Consider the following variable declaration and initialization .

                     int a = 10 ;

                     Here , a denote a single memory location with a value of 10.

                     If we update the value of variable .

                     a = 20 ;

                     Now the same memory location will contain the value 20 .

                    

Declaration of an array :

An array can be declared as an ordinary variable including the size specification in pair of [ ] bracket.

Syntax :   data type  variable name[ size ] ;

                        or

                data type  variable name [n] ;

              where n = number of elements

EXAMPLE 

                       int a[3] ;

                       In this example the name of an array is " a " which can contain maximum value of 3 at the 3 different locations .

 These 3 different memory location are known as 3 element in c programming , these 3 element are also termed as the 3 subscript . that's why array is also known as " sub scripted variable" . The three different types of variable of a can be written as follows :

                                                    1 element : a [0]

                                                    2 element : a [1]

                                                    3 element : a [2]

Initialization of an Array :

An array can be initialized in three different ways :

(1.)  Element by Element 

    Exam :   int a [3] ;

                    a[0] = 22 ;

                    a[1] = 5 ;

                    a[2] = 66 ;

(2,) Declaration and initialization at same time

    Exam :  int a [3] = { 11 , 22 , 66 } ;

it means 

            a [0] = 11 ;

            a [1] = 22 ;

            a [2] = 66 ;

(3.) Initialization from the user 
    Exam :  
              {
              int i ;
              int a [3] ;
             for ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++ )
             {
             printf ("\n Enter a number:") ;
             scanf ("%d", & a [i]) ;
             }

Output :
              for ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++ )
              printf ("\n %d", a [i]) ;

Program to Access  an array in C :

/* uses of array */

# include <stdio.h>

void main () 

{

int a[5] , i ;

clrscr () ;

for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )

{

printf ("\n Enter a number:") ;

scanf ("%d", & a [i]) ;

}

for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )

printf ("\n %d", a[i]) ;

getch ()

}

When above result is compiled :

Here as from loop statement is compiled then a condition of 5 is check out and a element of a[0] to a[5] is initialized from the user